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Mt. Holz Science Fiction Society
Club Notice - 01/19/90 -- Vol. 8, No. 29
MEETINGS UPCOMING:
Unless otherwise stated, all meetings are on Wednesdays at noon.
LZ meetings are in LZ 2R-158. MT meetings are in the cafeteria.
_D_A_T_E _T_O_P_I_C
01/24 LZ: "The Borribles" Trilogy by Michael de Larrabeiti (Urban Fantasy)
02/14 LZ: Science Fiction and Romance
03/07 LZ: THRICE UPON A TIME by James Hogan (Affecting the Past)
_D_A_T_E _E_X_T_E_R_N_A_L _M_E_E_T_I_N_G_S/_C_O_N_V_E_N_T_I_O_N_S/_E_T_C.
01/20 NJSFS New Jersey Science Fiction Society: James Morrow
(phone 201-432-5965 for details) (Saturday)
02/10 Science Fiction Association of Bergen County: Ellen Steiber
(editor from Cloverdale Press)
(phone 201-933-2724 for details) (Saturday)
HO Chair: John Jetzt HO 1E-525 834-1563 hocpa!jetzt
LZ Chair: Rob Mitchell LZ 1B-306 576-6106 mtuxo!jrrt
MT Chair: Mark Leeper MT 3D-441 957-5619 mtgzx!leeper
HO Librarian: Tim Schroeder HO 3D-225A 949-5866 homxa!tps
LZ Librarian: Lance Larsen LZ 3L-312 576-3346 lzfme!lfl
MT Librarian: Evelyn Leeper MT 1F-329 957-2070 mtgzy!ecl
Factotum: Evelyn Leeper MT 1F-329 957-2070 mtgzy!ecl
All material copyright by author unless otherwise noted.
1. This next book for discussion in Lincroft is _T_h_e _B_o_r_r_i_b_l_e_s, of
which Rob Mitchell has the following to say:
They live in the back alleys and abandoned buildings of London.
Except for their pointed ears, they look like children, but that's
deceptive -- they are as feral, as territorial, and as tribal, as
wolves. With their ears covered by stolen caps, they rove the
streets, appropriating food and evading their two main enemies: a
Special Group of the London Police, and the Rumbles (humanoid
rodents of nasty temperment). They are Michael deLarrabeiti's
Borribles.
THE MT VOID Page 2
Borribles were once children who were outcast or runaways, but whom
quickly develop pointed ears as a sign of "independence and
intelligence." The Special Borrible Group of the London Police
seek them out, for Borribles who are caught get their ears clipped,
and henceforth are doomed to grow up into adventureless adults.
Borribles never age, but death is quite familiar to them...
THE BORRIBLES is the first book in a trilogy (although the latter
two were clearly afterthoughts once the first was written).
Followed by THE BORRIBLES GO FOR BROKE and ACROSS THE DARK
METROPOLIS, the series follows a "family" of Borribles as they deal
with the grim-and-gritty underbelly of London. Their culture is
sophisticated and consistent, centering on protecting each other,
maintaining oral traditions, earning an Honorable Name, and
following the guiding principle of Borrible life: "Don't get
caught."
deLarrabeiti does an excellent job of painting the scenes of the
shadowy parts of the city. He is equally good at portraying
credible and distinguishable Borribles, although the villains are
somewhat two-dimensionally evil. Although the topic being
discussed is Urban Fantasy, the Borrible books are only tenuously
fantastic -- with the exception of the Rumbles in the first book,
and the ears throughout, the series has a real-world feel to it
reminiscent of the Conan Doyle's Holmes stories. I recommend the
first book for its imagination and clarity of vision; the latter
two books are more of the same and hence come across almost as
formula. [-jrrt]
2. One should be comfortable with technology without becoming too
comfortable with a level of technology. Consider the Japanese.
They were the best swordmakers in the world. They built a whole
culture around the sword. When the gun came along they considered
it, but when they saw what it would do to their established order,
they decided it would shake up too much. Power was having skilled
swordsmen and to be a swordsman did take great skill. It did not
take such skill and certainly not the same skill to shoot a gun. A
very unskilled man could kill a highly skilled swordsman by keeping
his distance and shooting a gun. So using a gun became very
dishonorable. This is well illustrated in Musaki Kobayashi's film
_S_e_p_p_u_k_u (a.k.a., _H_a_r_i _K_i_r_i) in which a very good swordsman is
attacking a castle and has killed single-handedly perhaps twenty or
more defending swordsmen. Finally the lord of the castle decides
he cannot afford to lose more men so he does the dishonorable
thing. He must, he reluctantly decides, bring out the gun. The
lord kills his foe, but he had to give up his honor. Now this was
always a puzzle to me. Why resist the best tools for the job,
particularly when it could mean death? How do you stop your
second-rate fighters from using the best weapons they can get?
THE MT VOID Page 3
Eventually the gun did get accepted in Japan when everyone else had
them and Japan could resist no longer. And they paid a price for
resisting as long as they did. And a lot of other technology was
accepted as well. If the Japanese had any lingering doubts about
the importance of being at the forefront of technology, those
doubts died in August of 1945. Today the Japanese are vitally
fascinated with the latest developments in electronics, in super-
conductivity, in cold fusion, and in just about anything else they
think they can apply. Their world and their plans for the future
adapt to each new development in technology.
And what of the country who taught Japan the importance of
forefront technology in 1945? These days we seem to want to shy
away from competing technologically with the Japanese. Detroit
resisted building cars to compete with the economical and feature-
laden cars of the Japanese. Japanese cars adapted to people's
needs year by year--I could see it in my Toyota--while American
cars stayed much the same. Innovation was adding fins or taking
them off. Detroit fought for import restrictions and admonished
the public to "Buy American." My understanding is that the
Japanese were ready to ship us digital tape recorders and our
government requested that they do not consider us a market. I keep
hearing stories about how the United States will compete with the
Japanese in high-definition television. We do not want to have
another embarrassing technological gap such as we had with VCRs.
But everyone admits the Japanese have a big headstart on us. And
the headstart is not because they had access to any technology that
we did not. We were just comfortable with our level of technology
in that area while the Japanese were getting their foothold. Now
we are running a losing race with them.
Now granted there is a big difference between a digital tape
recorder and a gun. But I wonder if it is not the same attitude
behind giving both up.
3. Correction to last week's issue: The book by Poul Anderson was
_T_h_e _B_o_a_t _o_f _a _M_i_l_l_i_o_n _Y_e_a_r_s, not _T_h_e _B_o_o_k _o_f _a _M_i_l_l_i_o_n _Y_e_a_r_s. My
typo, not Dale's. [-ecl]
Mark Leeper
MT 3D-441 957-5619
...mtgzx!leeper
A belief is not true because it is useful.
-- Henri Frederic Amiel
FOUCAULT'S PENDULUM by Umberto Eco
(translated by William Weaver)
Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1990, ISBN 0-15-132765-3, $22.95.
Short comments by Evelyn C. Leeper
Copyright 1989 Evelyn C. Leeper
Umberto Eco, author of the very popular and very successful
medieval mystery _T_h_e _N_a_m_e _o_f _t_h_e _R_o_s_e, has returned with another novel,
this time only semi-medieval. _F_o_u_c_a_u_l_t'_s _P_e_n_d_u_l_u_m is about ... well,
it's hard to say what it's about. A vanity press publisher decides to
produce a book detailing a secret plot by the Knights Templar, the
Rosicrucians, and several dozen other groups to control the world.
Along the way, Eco mixes in Brazilian religion, occultism, politics, and
just about everything else. (There's probably even a kitchen sink in
there somewhere.)
This book is so chock-a-block full of ideas, references to other
works, and in-jokes that it is really impossible to describe it or do it
justice. Rather than try, I will just say that if you enjoyed _T_h_e _N_a_m_e
_o_f _t_h_e _R_o_s_e for its complex plotting, you will probably enjoy this. If
you enjoyed it for its medieval setting, you may still enjoy this,
because although the setting is modern, there is much discussion of
medieval events. But _F_o_u_c_a_u_l_t'_s _P_e_n_d_u_l_u_m is a much more heavily layered
book than _T_h_e _N_a_m_e _o_f _t_h_e _R_o_s_e, and requires much more concentration.
Several people have asked for my opinion on this book, and I wish I
could be more coherent, but at least this may give you some idea of
whether you might enjoy it.
WHAT MIGHT HAVE BEEN, VOLUME 2: ALTERNATE HEROES
edited by Gregory Benford & Martin H. Greenberg
Bantam Spectra, 1990, ISBN 0-553-28279-4, $4.50.
A book review by Evelyn C. Leeper
Copyright 1990 Evelyn C. Leeper
This is the second (last?) of a series of alternate history short
fiction. As with the other, _W_h_a_t _M_i_g_h_t _H_a_v_e _B_e_e_n, _V_o_l_u_m_e _2: _A_l_t_e_r_n_a_t_e
_E_m_p_i_r_e_s, the pieces here were commissioned for this volume but have
appeared elsewhere between the time of their writing and their
publication here. At least this volume indicates where they have been
published previously, but in both cases one is left with the feeling
that the publisher was trying to convince the buyer the stories were all
new, when in fact the buyer may very well have most of them already.
Be that as it may, this book examines the "great man" theory of
history--the idea that history is made by "great men" rather than by the
"tide of events." The "great man" theory says that if Hitler weren't
around, the Nazi Party would not have developed as it did; the "tide of
events" theory says that if Hitler weren't there, someone else would
have taken his place. Michael Moorcock's _B_e_h_o_l_d _t_h_e _M_a_n is perhaps an
extreme example of the latter. (Strangely enough, the first volume was
not "tide of events" stories, but "failed events" stories--what if X
hadn't happened?)
Unfortunately, many of the authors in this volume make their
stories fit the "great man" theory by picking a great man, having
something different happen to him, or having him do something different,
though the "great man" usually seems to be more acted upon than acting
in this anthology, and then stopping. There _i_s no alternate history,
just a suggestion of how one could write one. (Note: in discussing the
stories, I will be often be telling what the change was. For some of
the stories this might be considered a spoiler, so reader, beware!)
For example, Harry Turtledove's "The Last Article" postulates that
Hitler's armies made it to India and were controlling it when Gandhi
tried to use his policy of non-violence against them. This sounds more
like an alternate event ("Hitler conquers India") than a "great man"
story, and is fairly predictable. But it ends at this point. What
happens next?
In "Lenin in Odessa" George Zebrowski postulates an early
confrontation between Lenin and Stalin. But just when history changes,
the story ends. What happens next? No answer. Harry Harrison and Tom
Shippey's "A Letter from the Pope" has the same problem: just when
Alfred changes his plans because he receives the chastising letter the
Pope sent him (instead of not receiving it), the story ends. (This
"great man" is so obscure to most readers that an introduction was
included explaining what the story was about.) What happens next? We
Alternate Heroes January 19, 1990 Page 2
aren't told. (The back blurb promises "a Europe converted to Viking
paganism"--it isn't delivered.) "Loose Cannon" by Susan Shwartz has
T. E. Lawrence surviving his motorcycle accident to take a role in the
African campaigns of World War II. But just after he talks to Rommel,
the story ends. What happens next? Who knows? In Judith Tarr's
"Roncesvalles," when Charlemagne discovers Ganelon's treachery was
bought by Christians, he decides to convert to Islam and side with the
Moors. What happens next? We never find out. These all read like
introductory chapters to alternate history novels that the authors might
be planning, rather than full-fledged alternate history stories. The
characters are well drawn in all the stories here--they just don't go
anywhere.
Two stories deal with Abraham Lincoln. Michael Cassutt's "Mules in
Horses' Harness" assumes Lincoln's death in 1863; James Morrow's "Abe
Lincoln in McDonald's" includes time travel (Lincoln somehow travels
forward in time to see the results of making a particular decision). I
feel the use of time travel _a_n_d alternate history lessens the latter,
but perhaps I'm just a bit of a purist. I also find the alternate
history set forth a bit unbelievable, but I would be willing to suspend
disbelief for one change--but not for two. Cassutt's story has a couple
of variations on the usual "what if the Civil War turned out
differently?" theme, but nothing startling, not even his "surprise"
revelation at the end. Neither one, by the way, is a present of "a
Confederacy that won the Civil War," which the back cover touts. In
this, at least, they show originality. "No Piece of Ground" by Walter
Jon Williams is another Civil War variation, with Edgar Allan Poe a
general in the Confederate Army. Marc Laidlaw's "His Powder'd Wig, His
Crown of Thornes" deals with George Washington as the Savior of the
Indians, though with a twist. We don't see enough of the alternate
world to judge the reality of its texture, though the main character is
well-drawn and draws the reader into what we do see of his world.
Barry Malzberg's picture of Hemingway as a hack science fiction
writer in "Another Goddamned Showboat" is at least a change of pace. It
was not quite as gimmicky as the similar story "Ike at the Mike" (by
Howard Waldrop, not included in this volume). In common with the
earlier discussed stories, was more a character study than a story,
Malzberg picked a "great man" whose displacement would not leave one
asking, "Okay, but what happened next?" Hemingway's shift to science
fiction would not be expected to produce the same sort of drastically
alternate history that Charlemagne's conversion to Islam would, so
Malzberg leaves his readers satisfied with the picture he draws.
Sheila Finch's musical Albert Einstein in "The Old Man and C" had
nothing to hold my interest--even Einstein's musings on light seemed
forced in the context of the story. "A Sleep and a Forgetting" by
Robert Silverberg had an interesting premise (communications through the
center of a star may get warped in such a way as to allow communication
with the past/alternate worlds). But after hooking up with a world in
which Genghis Khan did not become ruler of the Mongols, Silverberg's
Alternate Heroes January 8, 1990 Page 3
characters don't seem to know what to do with it, and the ending makes
no sense at all.
Harry Turtledove's second story in this collection, "Departures,"
is the base story of his "Byzantium" alternate history series in which
Muhammed becomes a Christian monk rather than founding Islam. Again, it
shows the split point and then drops it, but at least here there is
already a milieu drawn with which readers of this collection are
probably familiar.
I found Rudy Rucker's story about William Burroughs, Von Neumann,
and the atomic bomb unreadable, except for the last couple of
paragraphs, which deliver their message with all the subtlety of a
sledge hammer. (In fairness I must say that I generally find Rucker
unreadable, and this may be just one of my quirks--certainly other
people whose opinions I respect like his writing.)
Of the fourteen stories in this volume, six are based on Twentieth
Century men. Four more are based on men from American history. None
are based on women. None have the richness of detail I found in several
stories in the first volume (even though many of the authors are the
same). Only the Harrison-Shippey, the Malzberg, and Turtledove's
"Departures" seemed more than merely adequate, and several were below
average. It may be that "great men" are less interesting than "failed
events." But it is more likely that the apparent constraint of having
the "great man" on stage throughout the story made it impossible to show
the effects of the change in detail. Much as I liked the first _W_h_a_t
_M_i_g_h_t _H_a_v_e _B_e_e_n, I can't really recommend this one.
[Note: After writing the above, I ran across the following quote from
a letter from Olaf Stapledon to Naomi Mitchison written on 10 July
1940: "My (qualified) pacifism has been put in cold storage. But how
loathsome it all is! An of course I remain fundamentally just as much
pacifist as before. But at present pacifism simply won't work. I note
in Gandhi's autobiography that his non-violence movement's success
depended on the fact that some officials were decent folk. It would not
have worked against a Nazi regime." I doubt Turtledove knew of this
letter, since the observation is obvious, but who knows?]
GLORY
A film review by Mark R. Leeper
Copyright 1990 Mark R. Leeper
Capsule review: Excellent Civil War film of the
first black regiment and the prejudice they faced. At
times it seems a little over-idealized, but no more so
than most films about World War II. Realistically
photographed by Freddie Francis and well acted,
particularly by Morgan Freeman. Rating: +2.
At a time when Hollywood is simply not making many films set in
previous centuries, perhaps even the novelty of Edward Zwick's Civil War
film _G_l_o_r_y might carry it. However, Zwick's film goes beyond that to
being one of the best Civil War films ever made. _G_l_o_r_y tells the story
of the U. S. Army's 54th Massachusetts Regiment, the first black
regiment in the Army's history. The 54th had two enemies it had to
fight. The Confederate Army was second. First they had to fight the
Union Army for the privilege of being treated as soldiers. From the
start, the all-black regiment--with two white officers--was an
experiment programmed for failure. Command was given to Robert Gould
Shaw, a 23-year-old inexperienced at command. Further, they were
criminally under-provisioned, having to battle the army for such basics
as uniforms, shoes, socks, and guns; one scene shows a black soldier
standing guard duty with a spear. They have to fight for provisions,
they have to fight to be sent to the front, and finally they have to
fight to fight. Their training was by--among others--an Irish racist
who apparently thought that blacks were Hindus. In spite of this, and
in spite of the army cheating them out of their fair salary, they
distinguished themselves sufficiently to become cannon fodder. _G_l_o_r_y is
their story.
Or more accurately, it is the story of the white officers who led
them and the story of five soldiers who shared the same tent upon
enlisting. All the other blacks in the film are effectively spear-
carriers (in some cases literally). Even given that Colonel Shaw was
supposed to be young, Matthew Broderick seems a little too boyish for
the role. He carries too much baggage from previous roles in which he
always played the role of the "wise-guy kid." He is a little hard to
take seriously as the committed idealist, though he does much better in
Shaw's moments of self-doubt. Much better is Morgan Freeman as Rawlins.
Freeman could easily have carried the film as the main character and as
it is he is likely to get an Oscar nomination as Best Supporting Actor
(as well as a nomination for Best Actor for _D_r_i_v_i_n_g _M_i_s_s _D_a_i_s_y).
One of the unsung stars of the film is Freddie Francis, director of
photography. Francis was director of photography on such films as _T_h_e
_I_n_n_o_c_e_n_t_s, _T_h_e _F_r_e_n_c_h _L_i_e_u_t_e_n_a_n_t'_s _W_o_m_a_n, _T_h_e _E_l_e_p_h_a_n_t _M_a_n, and _D_u_n_e.
Francis is superb at creating a period feel. From his visualization of
the battle of Antietam, the viewer realizes that he is going for
authentic feel rather than dramatic effect. His view of a Civil War
surgery is somewhat harrowing, to say the least. His photography rounds
out the film and makes for a very satisfying view of history. My rating
is a +2 on the -4 to +4 scale.
HOLIDAYS IN HELL by P. J. O'Rourke
Vintage, 1989, ISBN 0-679-72422-2, $8.95.
A book review by Evelyn C. Leeper
Copyright 1990 Evelyn C. Leeper
If your idea of a fun vacation is Beirut, you could be another
P. J. O'Rourke. On the other hand, if you wouldn't be caught dead there
(you'll pardon the expression), you should probably just stick to
reading _H_o_l_i_d_a_y_s _i_n _H_e_l_l.
P. J. O'Rourke managed to convince _R_o_l_l_i_n_g _S_t_o_n_e magazine to
bankroll his travel to such vacation spots as Beirut, Seoul, Manila
(post-Marcos), Warsaw (pre-Walesa), Johannesburg, Heritage U.S.A., and
the Epcot Center. If the last two don't sound so bad, wait until you
read O'Rourke's descriptions. For example, of the Epcot Center, he
says:
Today the future is a quagmire of micro-chips. They'll
connect your television to somebody's typewriter, and if
you can't score a million at Donkey Kong, you'll be out
of work. Meanwhile, the rest of the world has become a
jumble of high-rises, from which pour mobs of college
students headed for our embassies with kindling and Bics.
Mickey, Donald, Goofy to the rescue! Give us hope! Give
us joy! Give us funny mouse ears, anyway, to wear while
we man the ramparts of civilization. Alas, it's not to
be. Walt is dead. And, after a couple of hours at
Epcot, you'll wish you were, too.
(Mark once described the Epcot Center as follows:
"[If the] 'Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow'
really is a prototype community of tomorrow, we have a
pretty weird future ahead of us! After working all day
under a beautiful dome--where your job is sitting on a
sort of open train listening to some industrial giant
tell you everything it's doing for you, you'll return
home to your modest half-scale mock-up of China's Temple
of Heaven, pick up the spouse and kiddees, go out for
some really bad Japanese food, and take in a show about
the wonders of Canada that will completely surround you,
but you will have to stand up through. George Orwell in
his worst nightmare never... Well, you get the idea."
so you can see where I might think O'Rourke was right on the money!)
It is the Beirut piece that is the jewel of the book. O'Rourke is
full of useful information, just the sort of thing one expects from a
guidebook:
"There are a number of Beirut hotels still operating.
The best is the Commodore in West Beirut's El Hamra
district. This is the headquarters for the international
Holidays in Hell January 19, 1990 Page 2
press corps. There are plenty of rooms available during
lulls in the fighting. If combat is intense, telex
Beirut 20595 for reservations. The Commodore's basement
is an excellent bomb shelter. The staff is cheerful,
efficient and will try to get you back if you're
kidnapped."
This section describes hotels and restaurants, as one would expect
from a travel guide. Many of the sections do not--on the whole one
would have to say that this is less a guide for the traveler as a log
for the non-traveler, or at least the non-traveler-to-these-places.
O'Rourke describes rioting in Seoul, Christmas in El Salvador, chasing
illegal aliens at the Mexican border, night life in Warsaw, watching the
America's Cup Race (when you don't know anything about boats, including
the front from the back), Harvard's 350th anniversary, and driving
anywhere in the Third World (which from his description could easily
include Manhattan).
In case it isn't obvious: I loved this book! Of course, it is true
that O'Rourke's writing verges on bad taste, but it's not clear how one
writes about travel to the places he is describing _w_i_t_h_o_u_t being in bad
taste. What can one say about tourism in Beirut that would pass muster
with Miss Manners?
ROGER & ME
A film review by Mark R. Leeper
Copyright 1990 Mark R. Leeper
Capsule review: A biting documentary about the
destruction GM does by closing plants in Flint, Michigan.
It is razor-sharp and bitter. Moore's film is a
compilation of footage he took and pieces from stock
footage, documentaries, television, etc. Moore rarely
has to use narration to tell the audience the point of a
sequence; the point is clear from the footage he chooses.
The film has a very effective documentary style. Rating:
high +2.
Michael Moore will likely turn out to be a flash in the pan. He
has a lot to say about a subject he has been intimately involved with,
but it seems unlikely there is any other subject he will be able to make
another film about with such wit and insight. But the film he did make
may be a real shot in the arm for documentary filmmaking. How long has
it been since a documentary has made it to first-run popular (as opposed
to art) theaters? _R_o_g_e_r & _M_e has, and with very few overt jokes, it is
one of the funniest films of the year. It seems amazing that by filming
a true story as it actually is happening Moore could have come up with a
film at once as funny and as sad as _R_o_g_e_r & _M_e, but that is the power of
the documentary film maker and editor.
_R_o_g_e_r & _M_e is Moore's funny, bitter account of the decline of
Flint, Michigan, due to its plant closings, and of Moore's own attempts
to interview Roger Smith, the chairman of General Motors. Smith clearly
did not want to be interviewed by Moore and it is easy to understand
why. Moore's interviews turn everyone he talks to into pate'. So time
after time, Smith--or people who work for Smith--foil Moore's attempts
at an interview and they become the film's running gag. Happening once
or twice it would look like daily business, but when Moore is foiled
time after time Smith just ends up looking worse and worse. And just as
surely as we occasionally have national heroes, Moore has succeeded in
making Roger Smith a national villain.
But the film is more than just an indictment of Smith or even of
the auto industry. Moore has captured on film Middle America with every
pimple and pore showing. He shows hare-brained schemes for reviving
Flint, such as the GM-built theme park Autoworld, built under the
assumption that if GM is in love with cars, the whole country is in love
with cars. It featured a puppet auto-worker singing love songs to a
robot assembler which Moore notes will replace him. GM brought in
celebrities such as Pat Boone, Anita Bryant, and Robert Schuller to
spread messages of silly optimism. "Turn your hurt into a halo,"
Schuller advises with as straight a face as Schuller ever has. When
people are in real trouble there is little that can be said to make it
Roger & Me January 14, 1990 Page 2
better and Moore's camera zooms in on the foolishness of trying to fix
things up with mere words. One woman becomes an Amway distributor and
seems to have gone off the deep end on somebody's theory that everybody
has a "season of color" like a zodiac sign, and you must get cosmetics
and clothing in colors determined by your season of color. The theory
sounds like Elizabeth Arden meets New Age thinking. Another woman goes
into raising rabbits for pets or meat and cheerfully kills and flays a
rabbit for the camera.
GM also gets "The Newlywed Game"'s Bob Eubanks, who fails from
Flint, to come to town and tell people how great Flint is. While Moore
is doing a number on Roger Smith, Eubanks is doing a number on himself
that could be just as bad.
While I do not have any particular respect for somebody who is a
black belt at karate, I can respect a perfectly placed karate kick.
While I do not always respect Moore's methods, his film is a perfectly
placed kick to the auto industry and all those who support it. This is
not fair documentary filmmaking, but it is entertaining and it is
effective. It has precisely the effect on the audience that it was
intended to have. I would give it a high +2 on the -4 to +4 scale.