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                        Mt. Holz Science Fiction Society
                    Club Notice - 03/18/94 -- Vol. 12, No. 38


       MEETINGS UPCOMING:

       Unless otherwise stated, all meetings are in Middletown 1R-400C
            Wednesdays at noon.

         _D_A_T_E                    _T_O_P_I_C

       03/30  THE MIND PARASITES by Colin Wilson
       03/31  Hugo Nominations must be postmarked by this date
       04/20  VALIS by Philip K. Dick

       Outside events:
       The Science Fiction Association of Bergen County meets on the second
       Saturday of every month in Upper Saddle River; call 201-933-2724 for
       details.  The New Jersey Science Fiction Society meets on the third
       Saturday of every month in Belleville; call 201-432-5965 for details.

       HO Chair:     John Jetzt        MT 2G-432  908-957-5087 holly!jetzt
       LZ Chair:     Rob Mitchell      HO 1C-523  908-834-1267 holly!jrrt
       MT Chair:     Mark Leeper       MT 3D-441  908-957-5619 mtgzfs3!leeper
       HO Librarian: Nick Sauer        HO 4F-427  908-949-7076 homxc!11366ns
       LZ Librarian: Lance Larsen      HO 2C-318  908-949-4156 quartet!lfl
       MT Librarian: Mark Leeper       MT 3D-441  908-957-5619 mtgzfs3!leeper
       Factotum:     Evelyn Leeper     MT 1F-329  908-957-2070 mtgpfs1!ecl
       All material copyright by author unless otherwise noted.

       1. Just some thoughts that come to mind.  I woke up early on Sunday
       morning and I  genuinely heard this.  It was a teaser for a program
       that was  starting.   The  announcer  said  "In  all  the  changing
       politics  of  the  word  one  fact remains clear.  Russia still has
       nuclear missiles and intends to fire them at  the  United  States."
       Then  another  voice comes on and says "This program is intended to
       bring you peace of mind in these troubled times."  That's what  the
       man  said.   It may actually be true.  My suspicion is that is what
       they were really intending to do and were  just  rock-stupid  about
       how  to  go  about  it.   I  wonder  if  these  people  think it is
       worthwhile to check their facts  or  if  they  just  sit  in  their
       armchairs  and  make them up.  Do they realize there is a world out
       there to check their facts against?  That got me wondering if there
       was.   Of  course  that  is  one  of  the  important  philosophical
       questions of the 20th Century.  Can anything real out  there  exist











       THE MT VOID                                                  Page 2



       or is the whole world just a figment of my imagination?

       That  got  me  thinking  about  Solipsism.   Do  they  have  Famous
       Solipsist School?  I can imagine ads on matchbooks and in magazines
       that ask simple questions about the material world.   If  you  fill
       out  the  coupon and send it in, you have already flunked out.  Now
       can I find someone to just go into the business with me?


       ===================================================================

       2. GREEN MARS by Kim Stanley Robinson (Bantam Spectra, ISBN  0-553-
       37335-8,  1994,  535pp,  US$12.95)  (a  book  review  by  Evelyn C.
       Leeper):

       This is the second book of Robinson's "Mars"  trilogy.   The  first
       was  last  year's  Hugo-nominated  _R_e_d _M_a_r_s, and the series will be
       finished with the upcoming _B_l_u_e _M_a_r_s.  (I should mention again that
       while  Robinson's novella "Green Mars" appears to take place in the
       same future history as this series,  it  is  not  a  part  of  this
       novel.)

       _G_r_e_e_n _M_a_r_s, it must be  said,  suffers  from  the  same  flaws  and
       difficulties as most middle-of-a-trilogy novels.  It does not start
       at the beginning, nor does it go through to  the  end.   While  _R_e_d
       _M_a_r_s  can  be  read as a stand-alone novel, _G_r_e_e_n _M_a_r_s cannot.  You
       must know what happened in _R_e_d _M_a_r_s for  _G_r_e_e_n  _M_a_r_s  to  make  any
       sense  or  have  any  meaning.   (I would really have appreciated a
       brief glossary of major characters and political groups--my  memory
       of the details of _R_e_d _M_a_r_s has faded over the intervening year.)

       There is also (to my tastes) far too much technical  discussion  of
       terraforming  and  areology,  particularly in the first half of the
       book.  For example, on page 148 Robinson writes:  "The  surface  of
       the  glacier appeared to be extremely broken, as the literature had
       suggested--mixed  with  regolith  during  the  flooding,  and  shot
       through  with  trapped  carbonation  bubbles.   Rocks  and boulders
       caught on the surface had melted the ice underneath them  and  then
       it  had  refrozen  around them, in a daily cycle that had left them
       all about two-thirds submerged.  All the seracs, standing above the
       surface  of  the  glacier  like  titanic  dolmens,  were  on  close
       inspection found to be deeply pitted." (By the way, a regolith is a
       layer of loose rock material resting on bedrock, a serac is a large
       mass of ice broken off the main body of  a  glacier  and  remaining
       behind  in  a  crevasse  after  glacial  movement or melting, and a
       dolmen  is  a  prehistoric  megalithic  [large   stone]   structure
       consisting of two or more upright stones with a capstone, typically
       forming a chamber (which  doesn't  actually  sound  like  what  the
       seracs  would  look  like,  but  what  the  heck).  All definitions
       courtesy of the _A_m_e_r_i_c_a_n _H_e_r_i_t_a_g_e _D_i_c_t_i_o_n_a_r_y.) I  could  be  wrong,
       but  I also think that the discussions on pages 175 through 187 and











       THE MT VOID                                                  Page 3



       elsewhere of the poisonousness effects of  carbon  dioxide  in  the
       atmosphere  are  confusing it with carbon monoxide.  While inhaling
       large amounts of carbon dioxide can cause death by suffocation,  it
       is  not  poisonous  in  the  usual sense of the word, and it is not
       clear to me that in an atmosphere  with  a  certain  percentage  of
       oxygen  it  matters  whether  the  remainder  is nitrogen or carbon
       dioxide, at least as far as human respiration  goes.   (Though  the
       atmospheric  pressure  would  be  important--consider  the possible
       side-effects of nitrogen to deep-sea divers.)

       This may all seem terrible technical and nit-picky,  but  the  book
       lends itself to that so well that is should be somewhat expected.

       It is only in the second half of _G_r_e_e_n _M_a_r_s that  Robinson  returns
       in  force  to  the  political and historical aspects of the series.
       While one may argue that he key  event  that  triggers  the  "phase
       change"  of _G_r_e_e_n _M_a_r_s' final chapter is totally arbitrary, there's
       no denying that historical triggers often are.  Still,  I  have  to
       reserve final judgement on _G_r_e_e_n _M_a_r_s until _B_l_u_e _M_a_r_s concludes the
       series, and then see if  _G_r_e_e_n  _M_a_r_s  serves  its  purpose  in  the
       overall  picture.   That is the only way to view this book and much
       as I want to see Kim Stanley Robinson finally get a Hugo, it  makes
       no sense to look at this as a possibility.  (I mention this because
       this had a British edition in 1993, and hence would be eligible for
       the  Hugo  awards  for  last  year,  to  be  given at Conadian this
       September.  I note this just to clarify its eligibility for  anyone
       who does want to nominate it.)


       ===================================================================

       3. SIRENS (a film review by Mark R. Leeper):

            Capsule review:   This  is  a  delicious  Australian
            comedy based on around real incident from the 1930s.
            An English vicar visits the estate of an  Australian
            famous  for  painting  female  nudes to convince the
            artist not to exhibit a painting deemed blasphemous.
            Instead  the vicar's wife is seduced by the sensuous
            atmosphere surrounding the artist.  Rating:  +2  (-4
            to +4)

       It was the 1930s and the Australian art world was  shocked  by  the
       so-called  immoral  paintings  of  Norman Lindsey.  There were some
       people who were irritated as he has painted picture  after  picture
       with  sensuous  female  nudes.   But for some, particularly for the
       local religious authorities, this time he  had  gone  too  far.   A
       local  exhibition  included  a  crucified female nude.  Around this
       minor controversial episode of art history John Duigan has  written
       and directed the most enchanting comedy film since last year's _M_u_c_h
       _A_d_o _a_b_o_u_t _N_o_t_h_i_n_g.











       THE MT VOID                                                  Page 4



       Anthony Campion (played by Hugh Grant) is an English vicar visiting
       Australia.    His   travel  plans  will  take  him  near  Lindsay's
       studio/home.  He is given the mission of visiting  Lindsay  (played
       by  Sam  Neill)  and  convincing him to pull the offending painting
       from exhibition.  Campion is deemed an ideal choice since he cannot
       possibly  appear to represent outdated ideas to Lindsay.  After all
       Campion was actually was a bit of a progressive himself at  Oxford.
       And  Campion  even  goes  so far as to smoke Turkish cigarettes and
       call his pretty wife "Piglet." Lindsay can't help but be  impressed
       by a free thinker like that, can he?  Instead there will be a clash
       of worldviews and Estella (a.k.a. Piglet) will discover there is an
       entire sensuous world she never knew.

       This  is  a  story  about  conflicting  worldviews.   In  spite  of
       considering  himself  very  liberal,  Anthony  lives  in a world of
       strict, church-dictated limits.  Lindsay, his wife, and  his  three
       models  live in a world of frequent nudity, open discussion of sex,
       promiscuity, and omni-present paintings and statues of female nudes
       that  unnerves  even  the  neighbors.   But  it  is  clear that the
       Campions are not prepared to survive  in  this  hostile  Australian
       world.   There  is a running gag about hostile animal attacks going
       on all around and the Campion's fear, though they themselves  never
       meet  anything  more savage than the odd wallaroo.  They seem to be
       followed by a snake, but his presence seems more metaphorical  than
       real.   Nature  really  seems toward them to be its most benevolent
       and beautiful, as if on its best behavior for guests.

       Hugh Grant, does a terrific job of trying to seem free-thinking and
       yet  being  horribly inhibited.  In the presence of nude models his
       worldly  exterior  gives  way  to   flustered   stuttering.    Tara
       Fitzgerald   of  _H_e_a_r  _M_y  _S_o_n_g  initially  matches  here  husbands
       disapproval of the sensuous  lifestyle  but  slowly  defrosts  with
       time.  There is a marvelous duality in her performance as she tries
       to appear straight-laced to her husband while exploring a  side  of
       herself that she has hidden from herself and others.  Unfortunately
       Sam Neill has little to do in his performance  but  appeal  worldly
       and  in  a way almost fatherly to the models he paints nude.  He is
       almost the opposite of his character in _T_h_e _P_i_a_n_o.

       _S_i_r_e_n_s is often very funny and at the same time serves as a sort of
       down-under   Monroe  Doctrine  saying  "The  is  Australia--no  Pat
       Robertsons are welcome."  I give it a +2 on the -4 to +4 scale.


       ===================================================================

       4. Academy Award Shorts (1993) (film reviews by Mark R. Leeper):

       For years there have been annual films that are compilations of the
       best  animated  films  of the year, but to the best of my knowledge
       this is the first time there  has  been  a  compilation  of  Oscar-











       THE MT VOID                                                  Page 5



       nominated  shorts  shown  as  a  unit  prior  to  the  actual award
       ceremonies.  The films shown were taken from two categories,  three
       films   were   from   Documentary  Short  Subject  (all  that  were
       nominated), two films from  Live-action  Short  Subject,  and  last
       year's winner for Live-action Short Subject.

       Even at New York City prices, this compilation  was  in  fact  well
       worth  seeing.   An  effective short film can be as satisfying as a
       full length film.  While the animation  festivals  are  reaching  a
       point  of  diminishing returns, these films, being Oscar-nominated,
       are all fairly accomplished and well-made productions so this is  a
       fairly   worthwhile  ticket  purchase.   I  have  no  idea  if  the
       compilation will tour the country or show only in  New  York  City.
       It  may even be intended primarily for academy voters.  However, it
       is recommended that you watch  your  local  PBS  station  who  will
       likely show some of these shorts as filler.

                  "Blood Ties: The Life and Work of Sally Mann"
                    (Steven Cantor and Peter Spirer, 30 min.)

       Sally Mann is a photographic artist, and a pretty good one  by  the
       examples  shown  here.   Much  of  what  she photographs is her own
       family around her secluded home out in some woody area.  Apparently
       her  family feels very comfortable with nudity.  So of course there
       is a lot of child nudity in her art and  this  has  put  her  on  a
       collision  course  with  Pat  Robertson and people of the religious
       right afraid for the possible corruption of public decency and  for
       the welfare of the Mann children.  Her work is not crudely done and
       her children have the  ethereal  look  of  air  spirits  in  Mann's
       photography.   This film is a defense Mann and her work.  There are
       some very superficial concessions to even-handedness  perhaps  just
       to  demonstrate  there is a controversy.  I would have liked to see
       Robertson get a better chance to represent his point-of-view.  (No,
       don't  send  me indignant mail.  I just want to see a fair fight; I
       am not siding with  Robertson.   If  Robertson  found  out  what  I
       actually  think  of  him  it  would  probably  ruin his whole week.
       However, this could have been a  more  convincing  argument  if  it
       showed more of the opposing point of view.)

       In actual fact  neither  side  makes  its  case  very  well.   Mann
       contradicts  herself,  saying her pictures are not erotic but later
       admitting there are many aspects to her photographs and they can be
       seen  as  erotic.  Mann claims that the children do not mind posing
       nude, but later her son  does  express  some  objections  during  a
       posing  session  and  no longer poses nude.  On the other hand, the
       allegation that the children have been damaged  by  the  experience
       seems  to  be wrong.  If anything the children seem more poised and
       confident for the experience.

                             "Chicks in White Satin"
                 (Elaine Holliman and Jason Schneider, 20 min.)











       THE MT VOID                                                  Page 6



       My wife found this more moving than I did.  This film documents the
       preparations for the marriage of two lesbians, Heidi and Debra, and
       the eventual wedding ceremony.  Much of it is sort of  the  "Candid
       Camera"  reactions  of  people  when  they do things like trying to
       enter a bridal registry at a local department store.   The  parents
       give  their  reactions  to  wedding  plans.  Debra's mother is very
       easy-going and just accepts the plan.  Debra's father says that  he
       looked up the word "wedding" in the dictionary and since it did not
       say the principals had to be of different sexes, he  accepted  that
       this  could  be a wedding.  Heidi's mother obviously is against the
       marriage, but eventually comes to accept it when it is clear  there
       is  nothing  she can do to change the plan.  Her husband never even
       responded when the wedding was announced.  The rabbi performing the
       marriage simply seems to take it all in her stride.  There are some
       interesting and even a few touching moments, but not sufficient  to
       make this a standout film for me.

                              "Defending Our Lives"
                (Margaret Lazarus and Renner Wunderlich, 30 min.)

       I am no more an activist on issue of domestic violence than on many
       other very worthy issues, and this film did not grab me at the very
       beginning.  But eventually this proved to be the most powerful film
       of  the  collection and I found myself getting angry in exactly the
       way the filmmaker intended.  The style is not as polished as any of
       the  other  films,  with the possible exception of "Chicks in White
       Satin."  Instead, it seems just  an  editing  together  of  several
       women  telling  their  stories  of  domestic  abuse  intercut  with
       lectures from a conference on domestic abuse.  Part of what  pulled
       me  into  this film was that early on I had the feeling that in the
       position of the battered women,  I  would  know  what  to  do.   My
       formula  often  would  included  getting  the police involved.  One
       thing this film did for me  was  to  show  that  this  formula,  or
       probably  any formula, could often be futile and worse.  Much, much
       worse.  Too often police are unwilling to intervene  in  what  they
       see as a family dispute.  I suppose that is not all that surprising
       to me, but the film got me empathize to a far greater degree than I
       would have without seeing the film.  In other words the documentary
       was totally successful.  So while the film is  superficially  crude
       in style, it is very effective in technique.

                            "Down on the Waterfront"
                   (Stacy Title and Jonathan Penner, 27 min.)

       This  piece  had  several  familiar  professional  actors  and  was
       professionally   produced.   But  the  short  comic  film  is  only
       occasionally really funny as a satire of how films really get made.
       In  the  post-war  decade two filmmakers, whose only experience was
       making survival films for the military, would like to go into  film
       production.   They  meet in a park with a longshoremen's union boss
       (played by Edward Asner) who wants to make film to counter  _O_n  _t_h_e











       THE MT VOID                                                  Page 7



       _W_a_t_e_r_f_r_o_n_t  and  to  get revenge on Budd Schulberg for writing that
       film.  The pace is a little slow, but the big problem is that there
       is  insufficient  payoff  at  the  end  beside  a  small  swipe  at
       Hollywood.

                          "Black Rider (Schwarzfahrer)"
                            (Pepe Danquart, 12 min.)

       This is a short but very funny little film with two different kinds
       of  "Black  Rider."  Unfortunately the pun of the title may be lost
       on many of the Americans who see the film and  don't  know  what  a
       "black  rider"  is.   In  Europe  you buy a pass to ride busses and
       trains.  There are only occasional spot-checks to see if people are
       carrying  passes  or  are  illegal  "black  riders"--people without
       passes.  The spot-checks are only occasional but the penalties  are
       stiff.   So  in  this German comedy we have a man who is riding the
       bus illegally because his motorcycle has broken down, and  we  also
       have  a  bus  rider  who  happens  to  a black man who has made the
       mistake of sitting next to a racist bigot.  The story takes a while
       to develop, but it pays off with a very funny piece of irony.

                                    "Omnibus"
                              (San Karmann, 9 min.)

       "Omnibus" is last year's winner for live-action short.  This  is  a
       witty,  ironic  piece  of  man  on a train that doesn't stop at the
       station he wants.  After months of taking the same train,  suddenly
       the  schedule  have  been  changed  to shoot right by his stop.  He
       suddenly realizes the schedule change was on the worse possible day
       and  his  whole way of life will crumble if he cannot get the train
       to stop one last time.


       In the Documentary Short Subject category I would choose "Defending
       Our  Lives."   I only saw two of the five films nominated for Live-
       action Short Subject, but "Black Rider" is the better of the two.


       ===================================================================

       5. Boskone 31 (con report by Evelyn C. Leeper) (part 1 of 3):

       Last year the drive was one  hour  longer  due  to  the  move  from
       Springfield  to  Framingham,  and  three  hours longer coming back,
       because there was a snowstorm added on as well.  This year  it  was
       another  hour longer going up because of wretched traffic, but only
       a half-hour longer coming back.  (Going up we averaged 45 miles per
       hour,  but  never actually went 45 miles per hour--it was either 10
       miles per hour or 70 miles per hour, and when it was 10, the heater
       was  going full blast because the engine was over-heating.)  Having
       everything in one hotel is nice, but is it worth it?











       THE MT VOID                                                  Page 8



       Three years ago, panelists registered in the  regular  registration
       area  and  were  given their panelist information there.  Two years
       ago,  we  had  to  go  to  the  Green  Room  to  get  our  panelist
       information,  and this was in the other hotel, so this was a trifle
       inconvenient.  Last year they returned to handing out the  panelist
       information  at  the  regular  registration  desk.   This year--you
       guessed it: panelists had to go to the Green  Room.   I  wish  they
       would settle on one method.

                                      Hotel

       The Sheraton Tara was quite nice, and sufficient for the size  that
       Boskone  seems to have settled in to (700-900).  Again, the parties
       seemed fairly empty.

                                  Dealers Room

       The Dealers Room is holding  steady,  with  pretty  much  the  same
       dealers  (in  the  same  places) as last year.  There is a Border's
       Bookstore nearby which took advantage of having all  these  authors
       in Framingham to have autograph parties.


                                    Art Show

       I took a  quick  look  through  the  art  show,  but  little  there
       interested  me.   I did get a copy of Wells's _F_i_r_s_t _M_e_n _i_n _t_h_e _M_o_o_n
       illustrated by Bob Eggleton at the Print Shop, and bid on  a  "book
       pin" (a small brooch that opened up to reveal a tiny story inside).
       But last-minute bidding on the  pins  (there  were  about  a  dozen
       different ones) was so spirited that I decided it was not worth it.

                                   Programming

       Again, it appears that the era of  the  "hard-science"  Boskone  is
       over.  There are some science panels, but not as many as before.  I
       attended fewer panels and other programming items  than  last  year
       (twelve this year versus fourteen last year).  Of course, I did not
       have all the Connie Willis panels I had last year, but in addition,
       the  last  two I attended this year were totally unplanned (see the
       notes  for  "Does  It  Have  to  Be  a   SpaceMAN?:    Gender   and
       Characterization"  and "Deconstructing Tokyo: Godzilla as Metaphor,
       etc." for an explanation)

                                 The First Night

       I miss  the  Shirim  Klezmer  Orchestra!   But  we  did  have  more
       opportunity  to talk and mingle, which was somewhat hindered by the
       loud music the last couple of years.  As I  was  having  my  second
       drink,  Michael  Flynn  asked me to make sure there was an overhead
       projector for the "Turbulence and Psychohistory" panel.  Never  ask











       THE MT VOID                                                  Page 9



       me  to  remember  something  at a party, especially if I'm having a
       drink!  Naturally I forgot, but luckily the room was  small  enough
       that the attendees could see his viewgraphs when he held them up.

       I have no idea what the con suite was like--I never got there.

                        Comic Books and Alternate History
                                  Friday, 10 PM
                 Pam Fremon (mod), Michael Flynn, Will Shetterly

       (One reason I was doing 70 miles an  hour  up  was  that  I  really
       wanted  to  make  it in time for this panel (and was not quite sure
       how far Framingham was--it turns out it's just about 255 miles from
       work).  Well, I made it.)

       This was clearly a panel designed  around  one  of  the  Guests  of
       Honor.   Shetterly  is perhaps best known for his alternate history
       comic, _C_a_p_t_a_i_n _C_o_n_f_e_d_e_r_a_c_y.  (Well, that's what he's best known for
       to  me  anyway.)   _C_a_p_t_a_i_n  _C_o_n_f_e_d_e_r_a_c_y is set in a world where the
       South won the Civil War, and where a band of  super-heroes  exists.
       It ran sixteen issues altogether, twelve from SteelDragon Press and
       four from Marvel/Epic.  (The twelve from SteelDragon can be  gotten
       for   $10;  the  address  is  SteelDragon  Press,  P. O. Box  7253,
       Powderhorn Station, Minneapolis MN  55407.)   Shetterly  also  said
       that there might be a continuation of _C_a_p_t_a_i_n _C_o_n_f_e_d_e_r_a_c_y some day.

       Shetterly began by saying that all fiction is alternate history  (a
       claim  my  husband  Mark  has  been making for years--after all, he
       says, Rhett Butler and Scarlett O'Hara did not really exist in  our
       universe, right?).  He added, however, that authors must be true to
       their own view of the world, and _C_a_p_t_a_i_n _C_o_n_f_e_d_e_r_a_c_y was  no  doubt
       influenced  by  the  fact that Shetterly grew up in the South.  But
       the author being true to his or her view does not limit the  field;
       as  Shetterly said, there can be many alternate histories (in spite
       of the fact that people often assume that an alternate  history  is
       the  definitive  one  rather  than just another one).  For example,
       Shetterly said that just because his CSA is grim does not mean that
       another  CSA  _h_a_s  to be grim.  Flynn pointed out that authors also
       tend to write alternate histories in which "it  comes  out  right,"
       i.e.,  the  way  the author would have liked it.  (Flynn noted that
       Harry Turtledove's _G_u_n_s _o_f _t_h_e _S_o_u_t_h got an award from  descendents
       of  Confederate  veterans, which goes to show that people also like
       to read alternate histories in which "it comes out right."  By  the
       way, Turtledove has just finished co-authoring an alternate history
       with actor Richard Dreyfuss.   Entitled  _T_h_e  _T_w_o  _G_e_o_r_g_e_s,  it  is
       reportedly  a police procedural in which the Thirteen Colonies made
       piece with Britain in 1779.  [Thanks to Robert Schmunk for  jogging
       my memory on this one.])

       If Shetterly was influenced by his Southern background,  Flynn  was
       influenced  by  having  early  on  read  J. C. Squire's  _I_f  _I_t _H_a_d











       THE MT VOID                                                 Page 10



       _H_a_p_p_e_n_e_d _O_t_h_e_r_w_i_s_e: _L_a_p_s_e_s _i_n_t_o _I_m_a_g_i_n_a_r_y _H_i_s_t_o_r_y, with its stories
       by  Belloc,  Chesterton,  Churchill,  and  others; and "Sideways in
       Time" by Murray Leinster.  In response to a question from me later,
       Shetterly  said  that  he  knew of many  "what if the South won the
       Civil War" stories; he listed Ward Moore's _B_r_i_n_g _t_h_e _J_u_b_i_l_e_e, Terry
       Bisson's  _F_i_r_e _o_n _t_h_e _M_o_u_n_t_a_i_n, Mackinlay Kantor's _I_f _t_h_e _S_o_u_t_h _H_a_d
       _W_o_n  _t_h_e  _C_i_v_i_l  _W_a_r,  David  C. Poyer's  _S_h_i_l_o_h  _P_r_o_j_e_c_t,  Leonard
       Skimin's _G_r_a_y _V_i_c_t_o_r_y, Robert Stapp's _A _M_o_r_e _P_e_r_f_e_c_t _U_n_i_o_n, William
       Sanders's _W_i_l_d _B_l_u_e _a_n_d _t_h_e _G_r_a_y, E. Ruffin's _A_n_t_i_c_i_p_a_t_i_o_n_s _o_f  _t_h_e
       _F_u_t_u_r_e  (written  in 1860, which I guess means it was not _r_e_a_l_l_y an
       alternate history, but a straight extrapolation about the  future),
       and  something  by  Wilson.  At the time I thought he meant Woodrow
       Wilson, but I cannot find anything by him; Shetterly may have  been
       thinking  of  "If  Lee Had not Won the Battle of Gettysburg" by Sir
       Winston Churchill.

       Shetterly  also  talked  about  how  one  decides  what  would   be
       different.   Racism,  he claims, is an effect of Southern pride, so
       one presumes if Southern pride had not been so damaged by the  loss
       of  the  Civil  War,  then  racism  might not have arisen.  He also
       thinks that had Lincoln lived, Southern pride after the  war  would
       not  have  been  so undermined, thereby causing less racism in that
       scenario as well.

       The panelists noted  that  writing  an  alternate  history  assumes
       readers  know what the real history was.  This of course brought to
       mind the story  Connie  Willis  told  last  year  about  how  at  a
       discussion of her novel _L_i_n_c_o_l_n'_s _D_r_e_a_m_s one of the attendees asked
       how much of the Civil War material Willis had made up (none of  it,
       it  turns  out).   When  pressed,  the  attendee  said,  "Well, for
       example, who's this Grant character?"  (I note that in  his  latest
       alternate  history  sortie,  Turtledove lists all the characters of
       _W_o_r_l_d_w_a_r: _I_n _t_h_e _B_a_l_a_n_c_e on the endpapers of the novel,  and  notes
       which were real and which are imaginary.)

       Flynn noted in some context  that  "industrial-strength  Nazis"  as
       villains  are  gone,  and  someone pointed out that "Saturday Night
       Live" had done a skit in  which  Superman  had  landed  in  Germany
       instead of the United States and become Uberman.

       Various alternate histories  and  turning  points  were  of  course
       mentioned.   Someone asked what if the disease that killed off most
       of the indigenous American people when the  Europeans  invaded  had
       worked  in  the other direction and diseases from the Americans had
       killed off most of the Europeans instead?  The  panelists  observed
       that this was exactly what happened in Africa, where Europeans died
       in comparable proportions to the deaths of the  population  of  the
       Americas,  and  the  result  was ultimately not much better for the
       Africans.













       THE MT VOID                                                 Page 11



       This  somewhat  hinted  at  what  the  panelists  then   explicitly
       observed:  what  alternate  history readers enjoy has nothing to do
       with the plot.  The background and other trappings far outweigh the
       actual  events  that  may  take  place.  For those who like reading
       alternate histories, the panelists therefore recommended  a  couple
       of   non-alternate  history  books  of  interest:  Josephine  Tey's
       _D_a_u_g_h_t_e_r _o_f _T_i_m_e (a mystery novel in which a modern detective tries
       to  figure  out  what really happened to the "two little princes in
       the Tower" during the time of Richard  III)  and  Fletcher  Pratt's
       _B_a_t_t_l_e_s  _T_h_a_t  _C_h_a_n_g_e_d  _H_i_s_t_o_r_y.  (Pratt's _B_l_u_e _S_t_a_r and _T_h_i_r_d _K_i_n_g
       were cited as actual alternate histories, though.)

       A variety of alternate history stories  were  recommended,  sharing
       the  characteristic  that  they  are  hard  to find: John M. Ford's
       _D_r_a_g_o_n _W_a_i_t_i_n_g (Shetterly said that Ford had a  "Byzantine  mind"),
       Saki's  "When  William Came," Robert Sobel's _F_o_r _W_a_n_t _o_f _a _N_a_i_l: _I_f
       _B_u_r_g_o_y_n_e _H_a_d _W_o_n _a_t _S_a_r_a_t_o_g_a (written as an  alternate  history  of
       the  United  States, complete with scholarly bibliography), and the
       1974 _N_a_t_i_o_n_a_l _L_a_m_p_o_o_n complete  with  alternate  history  newspaper
       edition.  (The Usenet alternate history bibliography lists February
       1977  and  February  1980  alternate  history  issues  of  _N_a_t_i_o_n_a_l
       _L_a_m_p_o_o_n, but nothing from 1974.)

       But back to the specific topic (comic books and alternate history):
       when Shetterly began writing _C_a_p_t_a_i_n _C_o_n_f_e_d_e_r_a_c_y, alternate history
       in comics was usually at the level of "What  if  Superman's  father
       had  put a banana in the ship instead of Superman?"  (I do not know
       what the level of writing in  alternate  history  comics  is  these
       days, but on Usenet in aaaalllltttt....hhhhiiiissssttttoooorrrryyyy....wwwwhhhhaaaatttt----iiiiffff one still sees this sort
       of posting--though, mercifully, not very often.)  And DC's  "Legion
       of  Superheroes"  resurrected  1930s  superheroes  in  an alternate
       world.  But as Shetterly noted, there is a big  difference  between
       "what  if?"  and  "gosh,  what if?" and the comic books have tended
       towards the latter.  However, superheroes are by definition  in  an
       alternate  universe--one  in  which  there are superheroes!--so you
       have  to  count  them  even  if  they're  not   as   intellectually
       challenging.   (I've seen alternate history novels in which Germany
       wins World War II where the premise seems to be the author's excuse
       to  write violent semi-pornography, so I would not claim that books
       necessarily  hold  the  moral  or  intellectual  high  ground  here
       either.)

       Comic  books  also  often  overtly  serve  the  purposes  of  their
       publishers  in  terms  of  what  in  the  movies  would be "product
       placement"--using the publisher's  other  characters.   So  we  get
       "What  If?" and "Elseworlds" from DC, in which Batman becomes Green
       Lantern instead.  (This does not even qualify as "gosh,  what  if?"
       to  me, but more like "so what?")  On the other hand, _W_a_t_c_h_m_e_n is a
       genuine, honest-to-goodness alternate history.













       THE MT VOID                                                 Page 12



       Movies, on the other hand,  tend  to  ignore  alternate  histories.
       Shetterly  thinks  this is because Hollywood creates the world anew
       in each movie, so alternate histories would be  gilding  the  lily.
       (Actually,  of  course,  that's a misquote on my part--it should be
       either "painting the lily" or "gilding refined gold."   I  like  to
       throw  these  little  education  bits in my reports, even if no one
       else cares about them.)  I should note that  Hollywood,  or  rather
       the  movie  industry,  has done a few alternate histories, of which
       the best known are _I_t'_s _a _W_o_n_d_e_r_f_u_l _L_i_f_e and "The City on the  Edge
       of  Forever"  episode  of  the original "Star Trek."  But I know of
       only about two dozen altogether, including foreign productions.

       Shetterly closed  by  reminding  people  that  he  is  running  for
       governor  of  Minnesota.   He  listed as his main qualification, "I
       tell lies for a living and am up front about it."

       (to be continued)


                                          Mark Leeper
                                          MT 3D-441 908-957-5619
                                          leeper@mtgzfs3.att.com


            Extreme affection may not benefit the beloved just as
            extreme wrath may bring nothing harmful on to the hated.
                                          -- Guan Tzu
































































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